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| NKS Programme Area: | NKS-B | | Research Area: | Emergency preparedness | | Report Number: | NKS-97-FR6_EKO-3 | | Report Title: | Preparedness Strategy and Procedures | | Activity Acronym: | EKO-3 | | Authors: | Anneli Salo, Anders Damkjær, Jens Hovgaard, Sigurður Emil Pálsson, Jan Preuthun | | Abstract: | Within the framework of the Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) programme
four subprojects were carried out in order to assist the Nordic authorities in improving
emergency response. The present report is a summary of all four subprojects;
full reports of each subproject are or will be published separately.
In the field of mobile measurements an exercise was carried out on Rapid Environmental
Surveying using Mobile Equipment (RESUME95) in Finland in August
1995. The main purposes were to test the ability of existing airborne (10 teams),
carborne (7 teams) and in situ instruments (from 8 countries) to map contaminated
areas (due to the Chernobyl accident) and to establish the comparability of results
obtained with different systems. Preliminary analysis showed that major features
of the spatial distribution of the contaminants were identified by all teams, but that
significant variations in absolute figures were observed. Quantitative analyses
were undertaken to assess the comparability of the results, and the need for further
development was identified.
Quality assurance in sampling and analysis mainly addressed quality assurance in
various aspects of gamma-ray spectroscopy with accreditation as a goal. Several
details were examined; e.g. the possibility of adopting some joint reference sample
geometries in the Nordic countries, the need for improving software for processing
gamma-ray spectra, comparability of whole-body measurements and problems in
reporting, storing and exchange of electronic data.
The derivation and application of operational intervention levels (OILs) was examined
to provide background material for decision makers contemplating the
harmonisation of OILs. A new, probabilistic approach for deriving OILs is presented,
and the method is illustrated by calculating OILs, expressed in dose rates,
in a simplified setting. In contrast to the standard approach, the probabilistic approach
allows for optimisation of OILs. It is argued that optimised OILs may be
much higher than the presently adopted or suggested values. It is recommended
that the probabilistic approach is further developed and employed in determining
site- specific OILs and in optimising environmental measuring strategies.
A co-operative project between radiation protection experts and agricultural and
food experts was established with the ultimate aim of producing a handbook on
agricultural countermeasures to be deployed in a nuclear emergency. During this
project period background information on regulations, preparedness organisations
in the Nordic countries and basics in radiation protection were addressed, but with
regard to countermeasures the work was limited to consequence-limiting measures
in agriculture during the alert period as well as during and immediately after deposition,
for time reasons. The agricultural measures are discussed in relation to
other urgent countermeasures; animal husbandry in the case of evacuation is one
example needing good co-ordination among authorities. The pros and cons of the
countermeasure options are discussed. | | Publication date: | 01 Febr 1998 | | ISBN: | ISBN: 87-7893-027-8 | | Number of downloads: | 2338 | | Download: |  NKS-97-FR6_EKO-3.pdf |
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